I look forward to meeting each one at the upcoming Commodity Classic,” said NSP board of directors Chairman Don Bloss. Like other crops, it responds to good management; paying attention to the details of producing forage sorghum will improve the likelihood of success with the crop. Table 1. Generally, this delayed maturity will not be a major problem if the crop is harvested for silage. ), popularly known as jowar, is the most important food and fodder crop of dryland agriculture. Full-season forage sorghums will not mature in these areas and the crop will have to be killed by frost before harvest can begin. Yield potential and economics of grain sorghum must be compared to corn to determine whether or not grain sorghum offers an advantage. Forage sorghum yields also can be reduced with late planting, although not to the extent yields would be reduced with late-planted corn. Forage sorghum silage is usually slightly lower in energy than corn silage and is similar in protein. Nutrient requirements can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the recommendation by 30-15-30 pounds for each 4-ton per acre change in the yield goal. Research indicates that 3 inches of water are saved in the soil profile when weeds are controlled in a timely manner after the winter wheat harvest. This rotation facilitates manure spreading and contributes nicely to a nutrient management plan because of the large amounts of N and other nutrients removed from the soil. In addition, the risk of corn rootworm damage to corn following sorghum is low and no rootworm insecticide treatment is required for the corn. PROVINCE WISE AERAGE YIELD OF JOWAR FROM 1947-48 TO 2017-18 (Average Yield 40 Kg Per Acre) YEAR: Punjab: Sindh: Khyber Pakhtoonkhaw: Balochistan: PAKISTAN Forage sorghum is best adapted to warm regions and is particularly noted for its drought tolerance compared to corn. Planting depth is 0.75 to 1.25 inches. Sorghum, on the other hand ranged from 160 to 140 bushels per acre. in sandy soil. At that price times the average government yield estimate of 73 bushels per acre, sorghum … Row Plants/Acre Plants/Acre Plants/Acre Plants/Acre Width 27,000 41,000 55,000 76,000 38 2,358 2,745 2,635 2,567 2 rows/bed 38 in. Net profit from 1 acre Sorghum farming. Some herbicide products are only labeled for use on sorghum that will be harvested for grain. Forage sorghum can also be grown in a mixture with corn on such fields. This usually occurs between the medium-dough and hard-dough stages. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. It various widely depends on crop, variety, resource availability (like soil type, water and even technology) and location. Minnesota research shows little response to planting rates of 20,000 to 80,000 plants/acre for sugar yield. Yield per Acre (Quintal) 2 - 3 4 - 5 6 - 7 8 - 9 10 - 11 No. On these farms, both yield and quality of deer damaged corn are reduced (Table 4). Cultivation is also an effective option when forage sorghum is grown in rows. Smaller seed size and higher temperature requirements for sorghum result in slower emergence and lower seedling vigor compared to corn. Facing weather challenges, economic uncertainty and a challenging year overall, sorghum farmers showed […] For Heckemeyer, his typical 200 acres of sweet sorghum will yield approximately 200 gallons of syrup per acre in average growing conditions, upwards of 300 and beyond in a good year. Sorghum maturity is rated either as full, medium, and early or by the days needed to flower. Read More.. Sorghum yield and forage quality are maximized at levels between 60 and 72 percent moisture content. In most areas, yields will be maximized with a mid-May to early June planting date. National Sorghum Producers has announced the winners of the 2019 NSP Yield Contest. in medium or heavy soil or 1 1/2 in. In addition, input costs (Table 2) are lower for forage sorghum so the crop is established with less financial risk. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Information. Fewer herbicides are available for forage sorghum compared to corn, so control of some problem weeds may be a challenge without tillage. It has less tolerance than corn to cool soil conditions under heavy residue or to soils that may be wet where furrow closure is a problem. Producer yields are highlighted in five different categories from the eastern and western regions of the U.S. Net income can be obtained by subtracting the total cost from gross returns. Although occasional infestations of aphids can develop in the whorl or on the heads of sorghum, these rarely cause any economic damage. Too often it has been regarded as an emergency crop and not managed to obtain its top potential. Seeding depth should be 1 in. Why do we need this? The concern of prussic acid and nitrate poisoning is greatest when sorghum is grazed less that 24 to 30 inches in height, immediately after a killing frost, or on regrowth of sorghum killed by an early frost. Seed suppliers can provide hybrid maturity recommendations for specific areas. Planting should be delayed until soil temperatures reach 65°F at the 2- to 4-inch depth. Consider the 204.5-bushel-per-acre entry from Greensburg, Kansas, farmers Ki and Kim Gamble, on an irrigated farm featuring Pioneer’s 84G62 hybrid. sorghum in Texas is 2 pounds per acre of elemental N for each 100 pounds per acre of grain production expected. Questionable forage can be tested for prussic acid (HCN) at the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Summerdale Laboratory in Harrisburg (717-787-8808). Seed lots often contain about 14,000 to 17,000 seeds per pound, and sorghum emergence is often about 75 percent, so these planting rates will result in plant populations of 85,000 to 150,000 plants per acre. Optimum planting rates for forage sorghum are about 8 to 12 pounds of seed per acre. Assume that 80 percent of the seeds planted will emerge. Commodity Planted All Purpose Acres Harvested Acres Yield Production Price per Unit Value of Production in Dollars; CORN: CORN, GRAIN: 3,870,000: 144 BU / ACRE It is used for human consumption, fodder animal feed, and for the production of starch, adhesive, paper, etc. LEARN HOW TO STOP THE INVASIVE SPOTTED LANTERNFLY, Coronavirus: Information and resources for the Extension Community. On droughty, shallow soils, however, forage sorghum yields may be more consistent than corn. Forage sorghum is also particularly well suited to some classes of livestock, such as dairy heifers and dry cows. Then total returns will be Rs. Effects of plant density and row spacing on grain yields of dryland sorghum. Cereal yield (kg per hectare) from The World Bank: Data. A forage sorghum silage crop removes large amounts of nutrients, so soil testing is essential with this crop. Sorghum growers from 24 states entered to win this year’s National Sorghum Producer Yield Contest, with this year’s top yield at 228.07 bushels per acre. It is important to match the traits of the hybrid to the production situation and the desired use of the crop. In the world of crop yield contests, corn and soybeans garner the headlines. Looking to achieve an industrial level, Heckemeyer said he has the capacity to bottle or sell by truck load, giving him the option to service a number of markets. When compared to sorghum-sudangrass, forage sorghum silage is higher in energy and lower in protein (Table 1). Prepared by Gregory W. Roth, associate professor of agronomy, and Jayson K. Harper, associate professor of agricultural economics. On very droughty soils, or if subsoil moisture is very low, grain sorghum may out yield corn. Sorghum roots produce a substance that is toxic to corn rootworm larvae so sorghum can be planted following corn without the use of a soil insecticide. Forage sorghum can be a profitable alternative crop, provided that it is managed well and used in the right situations. If moisture stress becomes severe, sorghum will become dormant until the stress is relieved. The best plant population will depend on whether the field is dryland or irrigated. LUBBOCK, Texas (Dec. 16, 2020) – National Sorghum Producers is proud to announce a new U.S. dryland sorghum yield record has been set at 245.86 bushels per acre by Ella Johnston of Fulton County, Pennsylvania, in the 35th National Sorghum Yield Contest. NEL = net energy of lactation, NEM = net energy of maintenance, and NEG = net energy of gain. View our privacy policy. For dryland fields, plant populations of 50,000 to 60,000 plants per acre can result in high yields, while irrigated fields should have around 75,000 plants per acre. The main yield-driving factors are: Number of plants, Number of tillers per plant, Total number of seeds per head, and; Seeds per pound. Sorghum is 8 inches on average. Forage sorghums have even been grown successfully in short-season areas of Pennsylvania where 95-day corn is considered full season. of Farmers 30 50 55 40 20 For sealed silos or large upright silos, consider planting an earlier maturing hybrid or adding a dry feedstuff such as ground ear corn to reach the desired moisture level. Consider several key aspects of forage sorghum management to ensure success: (1) grow it in a situation where it is adapted and will result in economical feed, (2) pay attention to planting depth and planting date, (3) select a hybrid adapted to the area, and (4) harvest on time and with good silage management practices. Nonsterile (grain bearing) forage sorghums can be harvested for grain. Performance of this warm-season crop will be poor with growing season temperatures below 60 degrees F. Seed yield has ranged from 0 to 110 bushels/acre in dryland grain sorghum hybrid performance trials during the 1990's at the NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center. The recommended chop length is 3/8- to ½-inch. Excessive seeding rates can increase the risk of lodging problems. These animals have lower energy requirements than lactating animals or those on a finishing ration. CSV XML EXCEL. With these considerations, forage sorghum can be an important crop alternative for livestock farms in Pennsylvania. Nitrates can be a problem with forage sorghum as they are with corn silage, but again this is rare and usually associated with harvesting a heavily manured or fertilized crop during or immediately following a severe stress such as a drought. Forage sorghum hybrids can vary considerably in yield potential, height, forage quality, grain content, and maturity. Sorghum will continue to grow when adjacent corn fields are exhibiting leaf rolling due to water stress. Show the data by histogram. Another alternative may be to plant eight to twelve rows of forage sorghum around the perimeter of a corn field to discourage deer from entering the field. Adapted forage sorghums range from full season in southeastern counties to early maturity in the short-season areas of the state. Harvesting drier sorghum can reduce the energy and protein value. In many Pennsylvania situations, corn silage will produce high yields of a high quality forage and is a preferred silage crop compared to forage sorghum. Severe drought stress or cool, late season temperatures may delay the maturity of the crop. Forage sorghums are also adapted to farms that experience considerable deer damage to corn. Seeding rates range from about 60,000 to 80,000 seeds per acre. Total income from 1 acre Sorghum cultivation: The minimum support price for Sorghum for the year 2018-19 is Rs. In order to best estimate the yield potential of grain sorghum, we need to understand the main plant components of sorghum yield. Like corn, forage sorghum yields increase with narrower rows. Consequently, they are also adapted to fields where deer damage makes corn production unprofitable. Because prussic acid is volatile, it dissipates during the harvesting and ensiling process and is rarely a problem in sorghum silage. Forage sorghum should be fertilized similar to corn for silage. The seed should not be sowed more than 2 – 3 cm depth. It is important to pay attention to these details to ensure consistent success with forage sorghum. It is important to read the information on the bag tag to accurately calculate the number of acres each 50-pound bag will plant, based on projected seeds per acre. The objective of this fact sheet is to describe some attributes of forage sorghum, provide some management recommendations, and describe the potential role of forage sorghum in the forage/livestock systems used on many Pennsylvania farms. Since forage sorghum is adapted to warm conditions, early season growth is also slow compared to corn. Kansas farmer Kimberly Gamble took first place in the Irrigated West category at 223.51 bpa. Sorghum or corn popularly knowns as “Jowar” in India. The nutrient recommendation for a soil testing in the optimum range for P and K is 120 pounds of N, 65 pounds of P 2 O 5, and 120 pounds of K 2 O for a crop with a 21-ton per acre yield potential. We can get 12 quintals of yield per acre on an average basis. Planting too early or too deep are two of the main causes of sorghum stand problems. Forage sorghum is most often planted in rows with a corn planter to facilitate harvest, reduce lodging, and permit cultivation for weed control. Ella Johnston of Fulton County, Pennsylvania produced 245.86 bushels per acre. Most corn planters need special sorghum plates or feed cups to handle sorghum seed. For instance, forage sorghum is cheaper to produce, has comparable yields, but has slightly lower forage quality when compared to corn for silage. Prussic acid occurs mostly in young plants or plants harvested shortly after a frost or drought-ending rain. For dryland production of forage sorghum or sorghum/sudangrass in Montana, seed in wide rows (21 to 28 - inch) with 5 to 8 pounds per acre. “When corn and grain sorghum prices are equal, grain sorghum is a more profitable crop to grow until corn yields exceed 141 bushels per acre,” Staggenborg says. However, yields of TDN (total digestible nutrients) per acre are usually lower from forage sorghums than from corn. The annual area under it ranges between 17 and 18 million hectares and the annual production between 8 and 10 million tonnes. Entering your postal code will help us provide news or event updates for your area. Because of the lower quality of forage sorghum crops compared to corn, they are best used in situations where forage sorghum yields are higher than corn or where livestock energy requirements are less than what is supplied by corn silage. NASS publications cover a wide range of subjects, from traditional crops, such as corn and wheat, to specialties, such as mushrooms and flowers; from calves born to hogs slaughtered; from agricultural prices to land in farms. ... Food production index (2004-2006 = 100) Urban land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) Land area (sq. The final average expected yield across the U.S. will be around 76 bushels per acre, which is just below the record set in 2016 at 77.9 bushels per acre. A Pennsylvania sorghum grower set a U.S. record for dryland yields with a field that topped out at 245.86 bushels per acre, in the 2020 Sorghum Yield Contest. Here, substitution of forage sorghum for corn can make a large difference in the profitability of a silage production enterprise (Table 5). Forage sorghum is a member of the sorghum family and is closely related to grain sorghum, broomcorn, sorghum-sudangrass, and sudangrass. Data. Even when the reduced value of forage sorghum silage is considered, forage sorghum can be more profitable than corn in some situations (Table 3). Wait four days following a killing frost to harvest forage sorghum. Learn how the World Bank Group is helping countries with COVID-19 (coronavirus). Only drawback about agriculture is we cannot simply predict the production for an area like we do in factories. See All Pest, Disease and Weed Identification, See All Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits, See All Community Planning and Engagement, Off-Season and Accelerated Lamb Production. Forage sorghum is a crop that has a potential under some soil/crop/livestock situations in Pennsylvania. 30,600. Nutrient requirements can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the recommendation by 30-15-30 pounds for each 4-ton per acre change in the yield goal. The Table Below Shows the Yield of Jowar per Acre. Many growers have found that once they develop some experience planting the crop, seeding rates in the low end of this range are adequate. National Sorghum Producers is proud to announce a new U.S. dryland sorghum yield record has been set at 245.86 bushels per acre by Ella Johnston of Fulton County, Pennsylvania, in the 35th National Sorghum Yield Contest. km) Download. USDA forecasts this year's average sorghum farm price at $3.25 per bushel. Consider using a recutter screen if the crop is dry and the grains are hard. Consult the Penn State Agronomy Guide for the latest weed control recommendations. Yields of forage sorghums are comparable to corn and can range from 15- to 30-ton per acre depending on the soil, weather, and the hybrid. Planters should be set to place seed at a depth of ¾ to 1¼ inches. Find Out . Typical yields in those regions are 100-150 bushels per acre, but Schnell said a good number of producers reported 150-180 bushel per acre yields. Forage sorghum usually does not regrow following harvest, unlike sorghum-sudangrass or sudangrass, so forage sorghum is best adapted to a single-cut harvest for silage. Air planters may require a special drum or plate. Some growers in full-season areas of Pennsylvania have utilized a double-crop rotation to produce dry cow and heifer feed very economically. Their rotation involves a winter cereal grain harvested for silage followed by a forage sorghum harvested for silage. Nonprotein nitrogen additives such as urea and anhydrous ammonia can make forage sorghum almost a complete ration for growing heifers. This is about 3-4 seeds per foot of row in 30 inch rows and translates into about 5 pounds of seed per acre. But the crop once again proved its impressive versatility this year, after sorghum grower Ella Johnston, of Fulton County, Pennsylvania, set a new U.S. record for dryland sorghum production with a field that hit 245.86 bushels per acre (bpa), in the National Sorghum Producer’s 2020 Sorghum Yield Contest. Both grain sorghum and especially forage sorghum have more resistance to deer damage than does corn. Sorghum for syrup can be planted with a corn planter or with a grain drill at a rate of 10 to 15 lb/acre. Seed rate and Sowing in Sorghum or Jowar Farming:- Seed rate of 35-40 kg per hectare is well enough and sowing should be carried out by drilling @ row-to-row distance of 25 cm. However, forage sorghum grows rapidly when temperatures rise in July and August. Farmers who participate in the National Sorghum Producers Yield Contest, however, achieve impressive yields, too. Forage sorghum has performed well in no-till systems when conditions are favorable in the seed zone. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. Brown Mid Rib Trait or BMR. Get notified when we have news, courses, or events of interest to you. This causes harvest delays because of prussic acid concerns, and may result in forage quality reductions. The nutrient recommendation for a soil testing in the optimum range for P and K is 120 pounds of N, 65 pounds of P2O5, and 120 pounds of K2O for a crop with a 21-ton per acre yield potential. Jowar is an important Rabi season crop cultivated in around 1.20 lakh acres of land across the state. Harvesting and storing the grain as a high-moisture product improves the feed efficiency, as does processing the grain in a roller mill. This will crack more kernels and reduce the potential for kernel passage through the animals. Seed broadcasting should be avoided. Table 2. The ensiling process reduces nitrate content in the silage. By Ignacio A. Ciampitti, Extension crop production and cropping systems specialist. The given classes are not continuous. Grain sorghum seed size is typically 14,000 to 16,000 seeds per pound, but can range from 9,000 to 22,000 seeds per pound. Forage sorghums typically have slightly lower energy values than corn silage, but are similar in protein. Grain sorghum yields exceeding 100 bushels per acre have been obtained in Wisconsin (Table 2). Sorghum-sudangrass and sudangrass had more similar yields using either one or two harvests than other sorghum types due to greater tiller production than the forage sorghums. By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. Forage sorghum growth can range from 5- to 15-feet tall, depending on the hybrid. Maturity is an important consideration for the medium-season and short-season areas of Pennsylvania. Be sure to request the correct safener for the herbicide you plan to use. Row Crop Realistic Yield Potential Crop Yield Units Realistic Yields/Acre Corn (grain) bushels 100-250 Corn (silage) wet tons 12-18 Cotton bales 1-3 Peanuts lbs 3,200 Rice bushels 144 -164 Sorghum (grain) bushels 80 - 140 Sorghum (silage) wet tons 12-18 Soybeans bushels 25-55 Sweet Potatoes cwt A … Converting into the continuous classes, we get, Graphical Representation of Data as Histograms, Chapter 6: Statistics - Practice Set 6.4 [Page 153], Balbharati Mathematics 1 Algebra 10th Standard SSC Maharashtra State Board, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Arts, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Commerce, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 10, Maharashtra State Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Arts, Maharashtra State Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Commerce, Maharashtra State Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Science, Maharashtra State Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 10, CISCE ICSE / ISC Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Arts, CISCE ICSE / ISC Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Commerce, CISCE ICSE / ISC Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Science, CISCE ICSE / ISC Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 10, SSC (Marathi Semi-English) 10th Standard [इयत्ता १० वी] Maharashtra State Board, SSC (English Medium) 10th Standard Board Exam Maharashtra State Board. Insects are generally not a problem on forage sorghum and no chemical controls are recommended in Pennsylvania. Once established, forage sorghum is a competitive crop and will shade many weeds later in the season. Each inch of soil water increases the yield of corn or grain sorghum by approximately 12 bushels. Forage sorghum is best utilized as a silage crop, although it can be grazed or cut for hay if managed appropriately. Some evidence indicates that sorghum may utilize N from previous crops such as soybeans more effectively than corn, but this has not been confirmed in Pennsylvania. Grain sorghum will produce more grain per inch of moisture up to about 24 inches, compared with corn. Yields were variable in the Panhandle and were impacted by heat and drought, he said, though some acres benefited from spotty rains. This allows any prussic acid formed to dissipate before harvesting. Occasionally, in good years, forage sorghum production may exceed silage storage capabilities on the farm. Be sure that the herbicides you select are labeled for sorghum harvested for silage. Like most crops, forage sorghum responds well to good silage management practices--harvest at the right moisture content for the silo, chop uniformly, fill the silo as quickly as possible, and pack the silage well. When high nitrate levels are suspected, leave 10 to 12 inches of stalk in the field, because nitrates tend to accumulate in this region of the plant. Under these conditions, forage sorghum may be an attractive alternative to corn. Starter fertilizers similar to those used for corn can be used with forage sorghum when planted with a row planter, but if the crop is drilled they should be avoided to prevent starter fertilizer injury. Sudangrass can be drilled or broadcast at a seeding rate of 25 to 30 pounds per acre. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers. A Pennsylvania farmer hit a new dryland yield record in the National Sorghum Producers yield contest. Be aware of the potential for prussic acid poisoning or nitrate toxicity with forage sorghum, but also realize that these problems are not normally a concern when sorghum is harvested for silage. This number is a testament to better hybrids being planted today and implementation of better management practices by growers. “Congratulations to the 2017 NSP Yield Contest Winners. The regrowth from plants killed by a frost is particularly high in prussic acid content, but this regrowth is rare in Pennsylvania. For example, the minimum temperature for sorghum growth is about 60°F and highest yields occur when the mean temperatures during the growing season are between 75°F and 80°F. Forage sorghum typically dries down slowly. On more productive soils, with favorable moisture and fertility, corn is a better silage crop, producing comparable yields and higher feed value than forage sorghums and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, (Table 1). Show the Data by Histogram. The feed value (TDN) of sorghum silage per acre is about 90% that of corn silage. Forage sorghum has higher temperature requirements than corn. Harvesting at moisture contents higher than 72 percent may cause problems during the ensiling process and will decrease intake by cattle. Sorghum can provide an almost-complete ration for these animals when supplemented properly. Soil pH should be maintained above 6.0 with target pH of 6.5. Hybrids can be fertile and produce grain yields comparable to grain sorghum, or they can be sterile and produce no grain. Nutrient requirements should be adjusted for previous crop credits and manures. This year’s top yield and Bin Buster winner is Santino Santini of New Jersey with 212.5 bushels per acre. Sorghum is originated in India and Africa. The table below shows the yield of jowar per acre. Generally after four weeks of ensiling, any prussic acid problem has been alleviated. 2550. (DTN photo by … But those high-yielding corn crops take on average 21 inches of water to achieve. Forage sorghum is a large, warm-season, annual grass that is adapted to Pennsylvania and can be grown as a silage crop. Sorghum is often planted in 30 inch rows but could be planted in 15 or 20 inch rows to maximize production potential. Sorghum is sensitive to some corn herbicides such as Dual or Lasso, but seed is available that is treated with safeners that allow the use of these herbicides on sorghum. Generally, forage sorghum silage has 75% to 85% of the energy value of corn silage per unit of dry matter, while other summer annual grasses have 60% to 80% percent of the value of corn silage.